[1] Tae H. Kim, ‘Where Women Worked During World War’ I: https://depts.washington.edu/labhist/strike/kim.shtml
[2] Frank Newport and Joy Wilke, ‘Desire for Children Still Norm in US’: https://news.gallup.com/poll/164618/desirechildren-norm.aspx
[3] Melissa Chu, ‘The 3 Stages Of Truth In Life’, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-3-stages-of-truth-in-_b_11244204
[4] ABC News, Mark Colvin presents PM: https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2007/s1912717.htm
[5] Moira Weigel, ‘The Foul Reign Of The Biological Clock’: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/may/10/foul-reign-of-the-biological-clock
[6] ibid
[7] Dr John Demartini, ‘The 7 Primary Fears Explained’: https://www.all4women.co.za/534778/lifestyle/inspiring/the-7-primary-fears-explained-by-dr-john-demartini
[8] Gilda Sedgh, Susheela Singh and Rubina Hussain, Intended and Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide in 2012 and Recent Trends’: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727534/
[9] Tamsin McMahon, ‘A New Kind of Mid-Life Crisis: Unwanted Pregnancies’: https://www.macleans.ca/society/health/a-new-kind-of-mid-life-crisis-unwanted-pregnancies/
[10] Centre For Disease Control and Prevention, ‘Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2016: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/ss/ss6811a1.htm
[11] Department of Health and Social Care, ‘Abortion Statistics, England and Wales: 2018’: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/808556/Abortion_Statistics__England_and_Wales_2018__1_.pdf
[12] British Pregnancy Advisory Service, ‘Fertility Misconceptions Leading To Unwanted Pregnancies In Older Women’: https://www.bpas.org/about-our-charity/press-office/press-releases/fertility-misconceptions-leading-to-unwanted-pregn/
[13] National Library of Medicine, ‘Intended and Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide in 2012 and Recent Trends’: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727534/
[14] Tamsin McMahon, ‘A New Kind Of Mid-Life Crisis: Unwanted Pregnancies’: https://www.macleans.ca/society/health/a-new-kind-of-mid-life-crisis-unwanted-pregnancies/
[15] Melissa Singer, ‘I’m 38, Childless And, No Thanks, I Don’t Want To Freeze My Eggs’: https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/life-and-relationships/i-m-38-childless-and-no-thanks-i-don-t-want-to-freeze-my-eggs-20181201-p50jkc.html
[16] Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Australian Social Trends’, December 2010: https://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/82A5CEFA5963E139CA2577F80010E013/$File/41020_astdec2010.pdf
[17] Gretchen Livingston, ‘Childlessness’: https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/05/07/childlessness/
[18] Office for National Statistics, Census 2017: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/conceptionandfertilityrates/bulletins/childbearingforwomenbornindifferentyearsenglandandwales/2017
[19] Population Connection: https://populationconnection.org/why-population/
[20] World Atlas, 2017, ‘Countries With The Oldest Average Mother’s Age At First Birth’: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-highest-mother-s-mean-age-at-first-birth.html
[21] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Family Database, ‘PF 2.5 Annex: Detail Of Change In Parental Leave By Country’: https://www.oecd.org/els/family/PF2_5_Trends_in_leave_entitlements_around_childbirth_annex.pdf
[22] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Family Database, ‘SF2.3: ‘Age of mothers at childbirth and age-specific fertility’: https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/SF_2_3_Age_mothers_childbirth.pdf
[23] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, ‘Australia’s Mothers And Babies’: https://Www.Aihw.Gov.Au/Getmedia/728e7dc2-Ced6-47b7-Addd-Befc9d95af2d/Aihw-Per-91-Inbrief.Pdf.Aspx?Inline=True
[24] Koema, ‘Australia – Total Fertility Rate’: https://knoema.com/atlas/Australia/topics/Demographics/Fertility/Fertility-rate
[25] Office For National Statistics, Census 2021, ‘Birth Characteristics In England And Wales: 2017’: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthcharacteristicsinenglandandwales/2017
[26] National Centre For Health Statistics, NVSS Vital Statistics Rapid Release, ‘Births: Provisional Data for 2017’: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/report004.pdf
[27] Australian Institute of Family Studies, ‘Births in Australia’: https://aifs.gov.au/facts-and-figures/births-in-australia
[28] Office For National Statistics, Census 2021, ‘Birth characteristics in England and Wales: 2017, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthcharacteristicsinenglandandwales/2017
[29] Olivia Rudgard, ‘Older Mothers On The Rise As Over-40s Become The Only Group With A Rising Conception Rate’: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/27/older-mothers-rise-over-40s-become-group-rising-conception-rate/
[30] National Centre For Health Statistics, NVSS Vital Statistics Rapid Release, ‘Births: Provisional Data for 2017’: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/report004.pdf
[31] Koema, ‘Australia – Age-Specific Fertility Rates 45-49 Years’: https://knoema.com/atlas/Australia/topics/Demographics/Fertility/Fertility-rates-at-age-45-49-years
[32] Koema, United Kingdom- Age-Specific Fertility Rates 45-49 Years’: https://knoema.com/atlas/United-Kingdom/topics/Demographics/Fertility/Fertility-rates-at-age-45-49-years
[33] National Centre For Health Statistics, NVSS Vital Statistics Rapid Release, ‘Births: Provisional Data for 2017’: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/report004.pdf
[34] Sophie Borland, ‘World’s Oldest Mother ‘Thought It Was Cancer’: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1562591/Worlds-oldest-mother-thought-it-was-cancer.html
[35] Guinness World Records, ‘Oldest Mother To Conceive Naturally’: http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-mother-to-conceive-naturally-
[36] Wikipedia, ‘Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_del_Carmen_Bousada_de_Lara
[37] Guinness World Records, ‘Oldest Person To Give Birth To Twins’: http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-person-to-give-birth-to-twins
[38] Wikipedia, ‘Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_del_Carmen_Bousada_de_Lara
[39] Wikipedia, ‘Pregnancy Over Age 50’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_over_age_50
[40] National Library of Medicine, ‘Volitional Determinants And Age-Related Decline In Fecundability: A General Population Prospective Cohort Study In Denmark’: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672329/
[41] Jean M Twenge, ‘How Long Can You Wait to Have a Baby?’: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/07/how-long-can-you-wait-to-have-a-baby/309374/
[42] National Library of Medicine, ‘Age and Fertility – A Patients’: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/Age_and_Fertility.pdf
[43] National Centre For Health Statistics, ‘Maternal Age And Fetal Loss: Population Based Register Linkage Study’: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC27416/
[44] Wikipedia, ‘Sperm Donation’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_donation
[45] Mayo Clinic, ‘Infertility’, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/symptoms-causes/syc-20354317
[46] Victorian Assisted Reproduction Treatment Authority: https://www.varta.org.au/information-and-support/assisted-reproductive-treatment
[47] ibid
[48] American Pregnancy Association, ‘Intrauterine Insemination: IUI’: https://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/intrauterine-insemination/
[49] Laura Sanders, ‘40 Years After The First IVF Baby, A Look Back At The Birth Of A New Era’, https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/growth-curve/40-years-ivf-baby-louise-brown
[50] IVF Worldwide, ‘The History of IVF -The Milestones’: https://ivf-worldwide.com/ivf-history.html
[51] Wikipedia, ‘History of In Vitro Fertilisation’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_in_vitro_fertilisation
[52] IVF Worldwide, ‘The History of IVF -The Milestones’: https://ivf-worldwide.com/ivf-history.html
[53] Dr Ranjeeta Gupta’s Clinic, ‘Donor Sperm’: https://www.drranjeetagupta.com/donor-sperm/
[54] Victorian Assisted Reproduction Treatment Authority: https://www.varta.org.au/information-support/assisted-reproductive-treatment/types-assisted-reproductive-treatment
[55] Infertility Aide, ‘Nicole Kidman’s IVF Journey’: http://www.infertilityaide.com/celebrities/nicole-kidmans-ivf-journey
[56] Victorian Assisted Reproduction Treatment Authority: https://www.varta.org.au/information-support/assisted-reproductive-treatment/types-assisted-reproductive-treatment
[57] Intercountry Adoption Australia, https://www.intercountryadoption.gov.au/resources/faqs/
[58] ibid
[59] ibid
[60] Jess Cagle and Jen Juneau, ‘Hugh Jackman on His and Wife Deb’s Decision to Adopt After Struggles with Miscarriages and IVF’: https://people.com/parents/hugh-jackman-wife-deb-adoption-after-miscarriages-ivf/
[61] Sheila Marikar, ‘Sandra Bullock Files for Divorce, Reveals Secret Son’: https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/sandra-bullock-files-divorce-reveals-secret-son/story?id=10496260
[62] Ashley Foster, ‘Sandra Bullock Shares Heartwarming Adoption Story’: https://adoption.com/sandra-bullock-shares-heartwarming-adoption-story
[63] Wikipedia, ‘Angelina Jolie’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Jolie
[64] Statista Research Department, ‘Do You Consider Your Pet As Your ‘Fur Baby’?’: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1128358/perceptions-of-pets-as-fur-babies-by-generation-us/
[65] Tony McReynolds, ‘Americans Spent $72 Billion on Their Pets in 2018’: https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2019-03/americans-spent-72-billion-on-their-pets-in-2018/
[66] TD Ameritrade, ‘Millennials and Their Fur Babies’, https://s2.q4cdn.com/437609071/files/doc_news/research/2018/Millennials-and-Their-Fur-Babies.pdf
[67] Konstantin V Danilenko, Oksana Y Sergeeva, Evgeniy G Verevkin.’Menstrual Cycles Are Influenced By Sunshine’: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20937003/
[68] José S Loredo, Richard Nelesen, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Joel E Dimsdale. ‘Sleep Quality and Blood Pressure Dipping in Normal Adults’: https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-pdf/27/6/1097/13662447/sleep-27-6-1097.pdf
[69] TED Talk. https://www.ted.com/talks/christen_reighter_i_don_t_want_children_stop_telling_me_i_ll_change_my_mind
[70] Lucy Nalpathanchil, ‘No Kids, No Problem: An Exploration Of The Childfree Choice’: https://www.ctpublic.org/health/2018-01-16/no-kids-no-problem-an-exploration-of-the-childfree-choice
[71] Reddit, ‘‘Christen Reighter: I Don’t Want Children — Stop Telling Me I’ll Change My Mind’: https://www.reddit.com/r/childfree/comments/7dfyiy/christen_reighter_i_dont_want_children_stop/
[72] ibid
[73] Ashleigh Mills, ‘Who Will Look After You When You’re Old? Living a Childfree Life’: https://www.sbs.com.au/topics/voices/family/article/2016/04/06/who-will-look-after-you-when-youre-old-living-child-free-life
[74] Thomas Hansen, Britt Slagsvold and Torbjørn Moum, ‘Childlessness and Psychological Well-Being in Midlife and Old Age: An Examination of Parental Status Effects Across a Range of Outcomes’: https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:soinre:v:94:y:2009:i:2:p:343-362
[75] Frank Adloff, ‘What Encourages Charitable Giving and Philanthropy’: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231754022_What_encourages_charitable_giving_and_philanthropy
[76] The Economist, ‘10 Things We Learned in 2017’, ‘The Rise of Childlessness’: http://cdn.static-economist.com/sites/default/files/marketing/CC2017/DownloadTenThingsWeLearnedIn2017.pdf
[77] National Library of Medicine, ‘The Health and Retirement Study’: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997380/
[78] Russell James, https://i1.wp.com/plannedgivingadvisors.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/u-s-pop-age-55-charitable-estates-by-family-status.jpg [1] Grace Wong, ‘Why More Women Are Having Babies At 50 And Beyond’: https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/women-babies-50/story?id=52971244
[79] Grace Wong, ‘Why More Women Are Having Babies At 50 And Beyond’: https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/women-babies-50/story?id=52971244